The Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Incidence Rate of Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review

¹Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia

²Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

*Corresponding author: Rehab Owayn Alanazi, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, Phone: 966531500347, E-mail: [email protected].

Received Date: February 11, 2024

Published Date: March 04, 2024

Citation: Alanazi RO, et al. (2024). The Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Incidence Rate of Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review. Mathews J Nutr Diet. 7(1):33.

Copyrights: Alanazi RO, et al. © (2024).

ABSTRACT

Background: The aetiology of pre-eclampsia (PE) remains poorly understood. An increase in inflammatory mediators produced by the placenta may be a potential causative mechanism. However, studies regarding the efficacy of Vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation in reducing PE risk are inconclusive. Objectives: Evaluation of the effect of Vit D supplementation on the incidence of PE, and determination of the optimal supplementation strategy. Methodology: Four databases were searched, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) of papers (2013 to 2023). Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of Vit D supplementation on the incidence of PE and maternal and infant outcomes referring to birth weight, preterm delivery, Caesarean (C-) section and 25(OH)-D levels. Results: In total, six RCTs with a total sample size of 762 pregnant women were included. Prenatal Vit D supplementation was associated with a non-significant decrease in PE risk, birth weight (BW), preterm delivery, C-section and 25(OH)-D levels (46.11±7421 nmol/l vs 80±51.53 nmol/l. P=0.143). No major side effects were reported. Conclusion: Vit D supplementation during pregnancy is a potential safe intervention strategy for preventing pre-eclampsia. More RCTs are needed to determine the optimal strategy (population-specific dose recommendations and timing).

Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, Vitamin D, Pregnancy, Birth Weight, Preterm Delivery, Caesarean Section.