Severe Falciparum Malaria: A Case Report in an Infant

Pathology Unit, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: Udoka Nkenna, Pathology Unit, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria, E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: December 28, 2025

Published Date: February 17, 2025

Citation: Wariso KT. (2025). Severe Falciparum Malaria: A Case Report in an Infant. Mathews J Case Rep. 10(1):197.

Copyrights: Wariso KT. © (2025).

ABSTRACT

Nigeria is one of the countries in the WHO African region with high malaria burden and mortality figures. Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest malaria parasite and the most prevalent on the African continent. Some cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria progress to severe form. We reported a severe case of falciparum malaria in an 8 months old male who developed several clinical manifestations such as severe prostration, vomiting, fever, and multiple episodes of tonic-clonic seizures following home treatment by "a nurse" with unknown antimalarials and antibiotics. At the time of presentation to the children's emergency room, his vital signs were consistent with clinical presentation. He had hepatomegaly on physical examination, a hallmark of malarial infection due to an immune response against the proliferation of the protozoa. Peripheral blood smear for malaria parasites was positive for P. falciparum with a parasite density of 66,808 parasites/UL. A diagnosis of Severe malaria to rule out meningitis was made. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, particularly if there is severe parasitemia and drug failure is essential in preventing mortality. The patient was started on intravenous (IV) saline, IV Artesunate, IV phenytoin, IV paracetamol, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Following one week of treatment, his condition improved significantly and he was discharged.

Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Severe Malaria, 8 Months Old Male, Treatment Regimen.