Distinguish Between Benign and Malignant Prostate Using the Trace Element Content Ratios in Prostatic Tissue as Tumor Markers

Department of Radionuclide Diagnostics, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Russia.

²Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, USA.

Corresponding Author:Vladimir Zaichick, Department of Radionuclide Diagnostics, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Koroleva Str- 4, Obninsk 249036, Kaluga Region, Russia, Tel: +7 (48439) 60289; E-Mail: [email protected]

Received Date: 28 Jul 2016   
Accepted Date: 18 Aug 2016   
Published Date: 24 Aug 2016

Copyright © 2016 Zaichick V

Citation:Zaichick V and Zaichick S. (2016). Distinguish Between Benign and Malignant Prostate Using the Trace Element Content Ratios in Prostatic Tissue as Tumor Markers. Mathews J Cancer Sci. 1(1): 006.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was the development of new highly precise testing methods for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. For this purpose the values of the zinc/silver (Zn/Ag), zinc/cobalt (Zn/Co), zinc/chromium (Zn/Cr), zinc/iron (Zn/Fe), zinc/ mercury (Zn/Hg), zinc/rubidium (Zn/Rb), zinc/antimony (Zn/Sb), zinc/scandium (Zn/Sc), and zinc/selenium (Zn/Se) mass fraction ratios in normal (n = 37), benign hypertrophic (n = 43) and cancerous tissues (n = 60) of the human prostate gland were calculated using data obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Mean values ± standard error of mean (M ± SΕΜ) for trace element mass fraction ratios in normal tissue were: Zn/Ag – 32270 ± 5360, Zn/Co – 27010 ± 3720, Zn/Cr – 2650 ± 360, Zn/Fe – 10.9 ± 1.4, Zn/Hg – 27010 ± 3720, Zn/Rb – 73.6 ± 6.6, Zn/Sb – 34330 ± 6160, Zn/Sc – 46790 ± 7870, and Zn/Se – 1550 ± 170, respectively. It was observed that in benign hypertrophic tissues the Zn/Cr, Zn/ Hg, Zn/Sb, and Zn/Se mass fraction ratios were lower than in normal tissues. In cancerous tissue all investigated mass fraction ratios were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than in normal and benign hypertrophic tissues of the prostate. Finally, we propose to use the estimation of Zn/Ag, Zn/Cr, Zn/Fe, Zn/Hg, and Zn/Sb mass fraction ratios in a needle-biopsy core as an accurate tool to diagnose prostate cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these tests were in ranges 96-100%, 89-100%, and 94-100%, respectively. Application of the Zn/trace element mass fraction ratios instead the Zn mass fraction is more suitable for PCa diagnosis, because accuracy of Zn/trace element mass fraction ratios does not depend on sample mass and changes in moisture content.

KEYWORDS

Trace Element; Trace Element Mass Fraction Ratios; Prostate; Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy; Prostatic Carcinoma; Neutron Activation Analysis.